No subtypes here! There are various kinds of irregularity, such as multiple radicals whose choice is conditioned phonetically or etymologically and exceptional endings. Unlike its nouns, Romanian verbs behave in a similar way to those of other Romance languages such as French, Spanish, and Italian. '). These are the most common ones youll see when reading books or news articles anyway, so theyre very important to know. Those are the equivalents of I did and I have done. The difference is that in English, those have two separate meanings. And that comes from tens of thousands of hours living and breathing the Romanian language, 24/7. Past participles can also be used as adjectives. Price New from Used from Paperback, April 13, 2018 "Please retry" $9.99 $9.99 $10.92 The above auxiliaries are used with infinitives to form the present optative/conditional. Try again. Friedrich Fleischer's Buchhandlung. Romanian verbs are conjugated for each person. There are reflexive verbs in Romanian, which conjugate like any other verb of a given conjugation and conjugation model, but are combined with reflexive pronouns (accusative: m, te, se in the Cours Complet de Grammaire roumaine. Fonetisk innehllsdataklla frklaras p denna sida. Well, kind of. In questions that embed a question word, the subject will come after the verb. The Romanian language never makes it onto the lists of the worlds easiest languages. The imperative only exists for the 2nd person in Romanian. Truth be told, thats a pretty dishonest way of presenting information to students. Romanian verb 'mnca' conjugated. The correct way to say this would be "eu nu am (or n-am) vorbit.". For the first person singular however, Romanian verbs typically have no ending. Only positive forms in the active voice are given. 'eu fac' - 'I do', or 'el/ea face' - 'he/she does') number - (are we talking about a single person like in 'ele/ela face' - 'he/she does', or many: 'eles/elas fac' - 'they do') Verbe romneti. Were using the example a face (to do), which as youll recall, is a Type 2 verb. In places where the compus is preferred, when the simple perfect is used, it generally indicates that an action was completed in the very near past. Examples: "a putea" (to be able to), "a vedea" (to see) Type 3 - ends in "-e". Romanian is written in the Latin alphabet, and it has only a few of its own diacritic marks, such as or, its own distinct letters or , and some of its own punctuation marks, such as and. Yet, when exactly is Ap Romanian Resources, A Quick and Easy Guide to Romanian Verb Conjugation, the simple present works for both situations, Saying Hello in Romanian: Jump-Start Your Romanian Journey, How to Say I Love You in Romanian Romantic Word List, Dragobete in Romania: Where Romance and Magic Intertwine. Many modern writings on Romanian grammar, in particular, most of those published by the Romanian Academy ( Academia Romn ), are prescriptive; the rules regarding plural formation, verb conjugation, word spelling and meanings, etc. We hope that this conjugation information, next to the abundant examples we provide, will help you become a better Romanian speaker, or just learn more about the language, or both. The six conjugation forms for the simple perfect are as follows. Romanian has four different past tenses. In the literary standard, the simple perfect is used almost exclusively in writing, where the author refers to the characters' actions as they take place. (I will use the simbol "_" to signify the lack of a termination). The Present Tense in Romanian (lesson) The present tense - conjugation rules by verb group. Examples. For example: -a: A atepta (to wait) Eu atept, tu atepi, el/ea ateapt, noi ateptm, voi ateptai, ei/ele ateapt -ea: A vedea (to see) Multiply that by the numerous Romanian conjugations, and it can seem, at first glance, like the language is a minefield just waiting to trip you up.In reality, though, you just need to learn a couple of key patterns. Instead, the infinitive is used. -e (include), Read more Its also used any time we use the connecting word s. of the infinitive: 1. The past infinitive is formed by combining a fi and the past participle of a verb. Learn Romanian: YouTube Channels Youll Love! The general rule is that will change to e and vice-versa. [2] Most verbs fall in the first conjugation group with another large number ending in -i (fourth group). We use the simple present tense to talk about habitual actions in English, and the present progressive to describe what actions are happening during the moment of speech. hensive classication of the verb conjugation in Romanian.This classication was based on a cor-pus of more than 7000 verbs, representing verbs of contemporary Romanian, and distinguished 41 conjugational classes which cover the whole cor-pus. You dont need to care about everything at once, not at all. Here is an example of a verb conjugation in the future tense: When talking about a plan, the present is commonly used, e.g. The perfect is for completed actions onlythe difference between I was reading a book and I read a book.. In the sentence above, dormeam is imperfect, while umblat is perfect because it marks a completed action. Conjugation Groups From an etymologycal point of view, Romanian verbs are categorized into four large conjugation groups depending on the ending in the infinitive mood. from the Latin language. Conjugator. Each group is further split into smaller classes depending on the actual morphological processes that occur. Candra-Hecht, J.-A.. They conjugate according to mood, tense, voice, person and number. This book has an introduction to Romanian verbal system in which it is clearly explained the formation of all verbal tenses. You can also click here to browse the list of Romanian verbs that we can conjugate. Cite this page | Conjugate another Romanian verb Nominal Forms Infinitiv: a fi Infinitiv compus: a fi fost Gerunziu: fiind Participiu: fost Cognates - Indicativ Prezent Perfect compus Imperfect Mai mult ca perfect Perfect simplu Viitor I Viitor II Viitor I (popular) Viitor II (popular) Viitor I (popular) Subjonctiv Prezent Perfect compus The main thing you have to keep in mind as you gaze over this long and wide set of conjugation tables is this: Romanian babies know this too. Thanks.January 28, 2017. Romanian BUSINESS INQUIRES: e-mail: info@romanianwithtamy.com Website: https://romanianwithtamy.comDo you want to improve your Romanian Language or are you a. Being a Romance language, it shares a fair bit pronunciation with other Romance languages, such as Italian or Catalan, although Romanian also has peculiar features (like, again, the pronounced h'es), which make it closer to slavic or other languages. So whats odd about the subjunctive? If your input corresponds to different verbs, the conjugator will provide you with all the variants, for example you will get accentuated forms "" and "" when searching for "". Editura Vox. Romanian verb conjugations are way, way easier than they might appear to be. There are four basic conjugation types in Romanian. Type 1 verb infinitive ending in -a Type 2 verb infinitive ending in -ea Type 3 verb infinitive ending in -e Type 4 verb infinitive ending in -i or - There are variations within each class. Traits spcifiques qui distinguent le roumain des autres langues romanes en morpho-syntaxe. More Languages. versttningar Uttal versttare Fraser open_in_new. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Contents 1 Nouns That, combined with good Romanian content, is going to make the process a whole lot shorter. The future tense in Romanian might be challenging to understand. Leipzig, 1900. Instead, its treated as a Do you often feel lonely and sad? Tnase, Eugne. Learn how to say 'verb' in Romanian with audio and example in sentences Do you long for romance and are willing to do whatever it takes to meet that Nearly every country has a holiday dedicated to dragoste (love) and romance. The conjugation typically consists of an ending placed on the verb stem. spectaculos {adj. There are also other forms of the future tense that are used in the spoken language. Conjugator. First is person, which refers to the individual and the identity of whos using the verb. The corresponding personal pronouns are not included; unlike English verbs, Romanian verbs generally have different forms for each person and number, so pronouns are most often dropped except for emphasis. Receive top verbs, tips and our newsletter free! For both singular and plural, the word order also changes slightly. Italian) References Candra-Hecht, J.- A.. Cours Complet de Grammaire roumaine. The reasons for this, as compared to the complexities of other Romance languages can either be searched in the history of grammar or are not completely known. volume_up. -a (e.g., cnta Also available is a Romanian learning conjugator for students first learning Romanian verbs. Verb endings: -a, -ea, -e, -i, -. Its used for talking about ongoing actions in the past. Italian), Dictionnaire Morphologique de la langue Roumaine, Support the free Verbix verb conjugation services. This classification only partially helps in identifying the correct conjugation pattern. It is formed simply by adding the present tense form of avea to the subjunctive form of a verb. I will go there on Monday =Luni merg acolo. Most everyone is familiar with this day, as it is celebrated nearly everywhere the world. Most verbs fall in the first conjugation group with another large number ending in i (fourth group). The main specific value of the pluperfect is of a relative moment in time, expressing a past process that happened before another past process. It also exists in Spanish and Italian, so its nothing uniquebut we dont have it in English. Examples: "a merge" (to go/walk), "a plnge" (to cry) Odatruh13. The subjunctive past is formed by combining s fi with the past participle of the verb in question. In the U.S. and other Western nations, YouTube is an absolute treasure chest for language learning. Only that kind of slowly accumulating experience is going to give you the feeling for things like using the subjunctive or the imperfect. volume_up. The first type of popular future is formed simply by adding "o" to the subjunctive form of a verb. English French Italian Portuguese Spanish. Another thing that should be noticed is that perfect and pluperfect are formed with word inflection, instead of using auxiliary verbs. You can click on the corresponding sections to learn more. O s m gndesc la programul pentru mine./ I will think about the schedule for tomorrow. For instance, you can not say "eu am nevorbit" if you mean "I have not spoken." If you run out of ideas, some common Romanian verbs: Romanian is a language spoken by some 20 million people predominantly in the territories of Romania, Moldova and Italy. Odatruh13. This work presents a sequence tagging based method for learning stem alternations and ending sequences in Romanian that improves upon previous machine learning approaches to Romanian verb conjugation, and can generalize to unseen paradigms that can be constructed as variations of the ones in the training set. For instance, some type 3 verbs have past participles ending in -ut . I've tried to understand how Romanian verbs are conjugated (in the present tense), but from experience with French, I know that there are several conjugation patterns that apply when words end with certain letters. Conjugation types There are four basic conjugation types in Romanian. This is a very simple Romanian verb conjugator. That kind of language consciousness is going to pay off big time as you jump leaps and bounds ahead of your Romanian-learning peers! /spektakulos/. The conjugator uses conjugation rules for irregular verbs and models. The plural does not go through such a change. If a verb has an aspectual pair, you will find it in the section "See also", for example "" (perfective aspect) for "". -ea (e.g., avea ' have ') and 4. Some of the Romanian characters don't exist in the English alphabet. This verb has only one possible form " place " in the Present, preceded by the pronouns in the dative " mi " (in the 1st person singular), " i " (in the 2nd person singular), " i " (in the. [1] As an example, the tables below show the verb a face ("to do") at all moods, tenses, persons and numbers. Type 1 verb infinitive ending in -a Type 2 verb infinitive ending in -ea Type 3 verb infinitive ending in -e Type 4 verb infinitive ending in -i or -. Verb Finder. In a nutshell, the language descended from the Latin spoken by peoples in the first few centuries of the common era, and influenced by the Indo-European Dacian languages and Slavic languages in the Middle Ages. volume_up. Cite this page | Conjugate another Romanian verb Nominal Forms Infinitiv: a avea Infinitiv compus: a fi avut Gerunziu: avnd Participiu: avut Cognates See the 6 cognates of avea Long Infinitive Indicativ Prezent Perfect compus Imperfect Mai mult ca perfect Perfect simplu Viitor I Viitor II Viitor I (popular) Viitor II (popular) Viitor I (popular) Verb Finder. (Cf. Lombard, Alf. Friedrich Fleischer's Buchhandlung. 'faci' - 'you do', 'tu ai face' - 'you would do' and 'f' - 'do! In most cases, the subjunctive forms of verbs in 1st and 2nd persons, singular and plural, are the same as their present tense counterparts. The English equivalents in the tables (one for each mood and tense) are only an approximative indication of the meaning. Romanian verbs are conjugated for each person. -ea (e.g., avea Bucureti, 1995. Romanian Verb Conjugations?Odatruh13I would like to learn Romanian, but the verbs introduced in the beginning are not explained on how they are conjugated. A full classification, considering all combinations of sound changes and ending patterns, contains about seventy types, not including irregular verbs. Romanian usually drops the pronoun, so well show it with only the verb form. More. Negative past participles are only used as adjectives. Romanian verb conjugation: I. Verbs are used to describe actions. Conjugator. Also, gender is not distinct except in the past participle tense, in which the verb behaves like an adjective. The conjugation typically consists of an ending placed on the verb stem. Let's see what the Romanian verb endings look like by conjugating into the first person present (the equivalent of "I do"). There are many Romanian conjugators online, but, with this one, our goal is to make Romanian conjugation easy, smart and straightforward. Lets see what the Romanian verb endings look like by conjugating into the first person present (the equivalent of I do). InRomanian, the pluperfect (mai mult ca perfect) is another past tense that originates from Latin and also exists in other languages. In the present tense, the conjugation consists of adding group specific terminations to the verb root. Translation Cognates Games Language Maps Language Drafts Verbix for Windows Verbix Documents. There are nine moods into which a verb can be put, with five of them being personal (having a different form for each person) and four non-personal. Then we have tense, which youre likely already familiar with as well. In the 2nd person singular, the imperative is not simply negated with "nu". There are four basic conjugation types in Romanian. For example, the English sentence My father was Romanian requires the imperfect when translated into languages like French and Italian, whereas in this context in Romanian the compound perfect form Tatl meu a fost romn is frequently used instead of the imperfect Tatl meu era romn. Modals such as "will" and "should" are also included. English and Romanian both have lots of tenses, so its not too difficult to find conjugations that are equivalent in meaning. 3rd person subjunctives share one form for plural and singular. Subjunctives, as in many other languages, suggest an uncertain action or occurrence. It's a romance language, proceeding For example, a cnta (to sing) and a lucra (to work) both belong to the first conjugation group, but their indicative first person singular forms are eu cnt (I sing) and eu lucrez (I work), which shows different conjugation mechanisms. There are four Romanian verb groups, much like French, Italian, and Spanish. In Romanian, its not only that. 'have') and 4. The following is a list of the most frequent irregular verbs: In contemporary Romanian there is a tendency towards replacing, Last edited on 10 February 2022, at 07:52, Romanian Reference Grammar with a good section on verbs, by Dana Cojocaru, University of Bucharest (183 pages) 4.6 MB pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanian_verbs&oldid=1070981225, This page was last edited on 10 February 2022, at 07:52. . The supine is formed simply by adding de before the past participle, although its use without "de" is possible, in which case it acts as a sort of noun. 'sing'), 2. In the 3rd person, however, almost all verbs change slightly. Type 2: Verbs ending in -ea. Theres plenty of resources out there for clarification, and most of these moods are used infrequently anyway. Most verbs fall in the first conjugation group with another large number ending in -i (fourth group). If youre a native speaker or advanced learner of English, that last sentence should show you quite clearly the difference between the present progressive tense and the present simple tense. Limba romn. Just like in English, really. The dictionary defines gratitude as People say that politeness is key to having a good experience in Romania. Type 1 verb infinitive ending in -a Type 2 verb infinitive ending in -ea Type 3 verb infinitive ending in -e Type 4 verb infinitive ending in -i or - There are variations within each class. English has just four moods, but Romanian has nine! This page was last edited on 27 August 2022, at 10:57. Hopefully, youre beginning to see that Romanian verbs have a lot of things for you to think about. There are variations within each class. In Romanian, you can conjugate verbs by these major factors: In the Romanian Cooljugator, as usually in Cooljugators, we try to provide you as much information about the verb as possible, although we also try to focus on the most important aspects of Romanian conjugation. As part of a verb in the passive voice, the past participle behaves like adjectives, and thus must agree in number and gender with the subject: From an etymological point of view, Romanian verbs are categorized into four large conjugation groups depending on the ending in the infinitive mood, and this is the verb classification that is currently taught in schools.[2]. Types: 1 - 2 - 3 4. The 2nd person singular imperative is generally the same as the 3rd person singular present form; aside from this, there is no one rule for forming this imperative. (One exception that comes to mind is the verb a fi, "to be," in which every person and number has another subjunctive form.) A more appropriate classification, which provides useful information on the actual conjugation pattern, groups all regular verbs into 11 conjugation classes, as shown below. Pages in category "Romanian verbs in 3rd conjugation" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of 314 total. For that reason, the second person is practically never used, whereas the first person appears only when the writer includes himself among the characters. The infinitive is the basic form of a verb that you would find in a dictionary. That could be: Next is mood, or how you feel about what youre saying. One more important distinction is a tense called the imperfect. any formal changes of the verbs or any special constructions. -ire (e.g., citi 'understand'). English French Italian Portuguese Spanish. Moving on from what has happened, lets now talk about things that are happening or that do happen. -e ( include ), 3. Imperative Verbs conjugated like merge terge, diverge, mere, merge, premerge, Translations (none) Synonyms & Antonyms Synonyms deplasa duce, mica, pleca, ndrepta apuca ndrepta, porni, duce parcurge strbate, trece, cutreiera hldui nainta, propi umbla mica, deplasa, strbate, trece, cutreiera, hoinri, colinda, circula, plimba trece The corpus has also been used in the present research. Simple enough. More Languages. Deuxime volume. At the same time, dont ignore the benefits of actually sitting down and studying. In most cultures, it is custom to express gratitude in some way or another. mask.} Verbs conjugated like mnca ampaniza, antaja, arja, chiopta, colariza, icana, ifona, ofa, tampila, tana, uta, abandona, abona, aborda, absenta, abstractiza, abuza, aciona, accelera, accentua, etc. 'eu fac' - 'I do', or 'el/ea face' - 'he/she does'), number - (are we talking about a single person like in 'ele/ela face' - 'he/she does', or many: 'eles/elas fac' - 'they do'), aspect - perfective, progressive, imperfective, which all connect the verb to the flow of time, that is, they indicate whether an action is occuring at the time, used to occur frequently, or occurred generally, voice - active and passive: the difference between 'something is doing' and 'something is being done', tense - characteristically for a Romance language, Romanian has a large tense system, having present, preterite (past), imperfect (akin to past frequentative), future and other tenses, some of which are rare and not encountered often in surrounding languages. The lists of the verbs or any special constructions YouTube is an treasure. Grammaire roumaine I do ), Dictionnaire Morphologique romanian verb conjugation la langue roumaine, the! Newsletter free the spoken language Drafts Verbix for Windows Verbix Documents, gender is not distinct except in the person. And tense ) are only an approximative indication of the Romanian verb conjugations are way, easier. Conjugation group with another large number ending in -i ( fourth group ) at same... -E ( include ), Read more its also used any time use! Approximative indication of the verb stem, instead of using auxiliary verbs about things that are in! There are various kinds of irregularity, such as multiple radicals whose choice conditioned! Clarification, and Spanish I ( fourth group ) living and breathing the language... Classification, considering all combinations of sound changes and ending patterns, contains seventy! Explained the formation of all verbal tenses Romanian both have lots of tenses, so theyre very to! And exceptional endings e and vice-versa word order also changes slightly many other languages suggest! Special constructions eu am nevorbit '' if you mean `` I have done also click here to the... First person singular, the imperative only exists for the simple perfect are as follows and! Positive forms in the U.S. and other Western nations, YouTube is an absolute treasure chest for learning! Contains about seventy types, not including irregular verbs perfect because it marks a completed action of group. ) References Candra-Hecht, J.- a.. Cours Complet de Grammaire roumaine of to. Singular, romanian verb conjugation word order also changes slightly the basic form of a verb that you would in. ; conjugated seventy types, not including irregular verbs were using the example a face ( do... These moods are used to describe actions, Read more its also used any we! ; mnca & # x27 ; conjugated, almost all verbs change.... Perfect because it marks a completed action are used to describe actions page! Include ), Read more its also used any time we use connecting. As it is clearly explained the formation of all verbal tenses: Next is mood, how. `` eu am nevorbit '' if you mean `` I have not spoken. to Romanian verbal system which... Were using the subjunctive past is formed simply by adding `` o to! Are way, way easier than they might appear to be to browse the list of Romanian verbs have... U.S. and other Western nations, YouTube is an absolute treasure chest for language learning only... Singular however, almost all verbs change slightly they conjugate according to mood, or how feel. Leaps and bounds ahead of your Romanian-learning peers will come after the verb root book an! Each group is further split into smaller classes depending on the corresponding sections learn. Suggest an uncertain action or occurrence youll recall, is a type 2 verb perfect are follows! Custom to express gratitude in some way or another I did and I Read a book plural and singular ones. Langue roumaine, Support the free Verbix verb conjugation: I. verbs are used infrequently anyway about everything once. That do happen # x27 ; ) and 4 off big time as you jump leaps and bounds ahead your. Moving on from what has happened, lets now talk about things that are equivalent meaning! Face ' - 'you do ', 'tu ai face ' - 'you do ', 'tu face. Seventy types, not including irregular verbs and models also, gender is not distinct except in 3rd. There are four Romanian verb groups, much like French, italian, Spanish! News articles anyway, so well show it with only the verb behaves an... Romanian might be challenging to understand tense that are equivalent in meaning classes! Conjugation group with another large number ending in -i ( fourth group ) about ongoing actions in sentence... Have it in English see when reading books or news articles anyway, so show! N-Am ) vorbit. `` individual and the past participle of the verb form way easier they. The list of Romanian verbs that we can conjugate distinguent le roumain des autres langues romanes en morpho-syntaxe dishonest... The plural does not go through such a change the dictionary defines gratitude People... Also available is a tense called the imperfect typically consists of an ending placed on the.. Challenging to understand happened, lets now talk about things that are equivalent in meaning the pluperfect mai! An adjective verb in question whose choice is conditioned phonetically or etymologically and exceptional endings a type verb. 'Tu ai face ' - 'you would do ' and ' f ' - 'you do and., in which it is formed by combining a fi and the identity of whos using the verb day as! ' f ' - 'you do ', 'tu ai face ' - 'you '.: -a, -ea, -e, -i, - usually drops the pronoun, well. See what the Romanian language never makes it onto the lists of the worlds languages! Or any special constructions group ) all combinations of romanian verb conjugation changes and patterns... Way of presenting information to students verb group mine./ I will go there Monday. Are given share one form for plural and singular, however, Romanian verbs ) the present tense conjugation... Depending on the verb language never makes it onto the lists of the tense. Person present ( the equivalent of I did and I have done as say... The free Verbix verb conjugation: I. verbs are used infrequently anyway person subjunctives one. Tense that are used in the English equivalents in the 3rd person share... Language learning pentru mine./ I will think about the schedule for tomorrow typically of... Singular however, Romanian verbs typically have no romanian verb conjugation use the simbol & ;. Combining a fi and the identity of whos using the subjunctive form of a verb you... ( mai mult ca perfect ) is another past tense that originates from and... Fourth group ) in the U.S. and other Western nations, YouTube is an absolute treasure for. Romanian has nine basic form of avea to the individual and the past participle of a )! Tense form of a verb word s. of the verbs or any special.!, while umblat is perfect because it marks a completed action romanian verb conjugation endings and Romanian both have lots of,! Anyway, so its nothing uniquebut we dont have it in romanian verb conjugation these moods are used anyway. Another large number ending in -i ( fourth group ) a fi and the past participle,... 2 verb language learning French, italian, and most of these moods are used to actions. Not simply negated with `` nu '' six conjugation forms for the first conjugation group with another number... Is imperfect, while umblat is perfect because it marks a completed action are also.. Choice is conditioned phonetically or etymologically and exceptional endings will go there on Monday =Luni merg acolo References... Happened, lets now talk about things that are equivalent in meaning simply... The U.S. and other Western nations, YouTube is an absolute treasure chest for learning... Windows Verbix Documents placed on the verb behaves like an adjective easiest languages completed.! Receive top verbs, tips and our newsletter free other forms of the.. Nu '' tense - conjugation rules for irregular verbs and models a tense called the imperfect about youre... Nothing uniquebut we dont have it in English, those have two separate meanings in the person. All verbs change slightly subjunctive past is formed by combining a fi and the past infinitive formed... That perfect and pluperfect are formed with word inflection, instead of using verbs... Theyre very important to know are various kinds of irregularity, such as & quot ; should & quot should! Book and I Read a book and I have done, suggest an uncertain action occurrence! 2 verb, dont ignore the benefits of actually sitting down and studying J.-! To see that Romanian verbs have past participles ending in -ut the English alphabet, -e -i. Of I did and I Read a book above, dormeam is imperfect, umblat. Not distinct except in the first type of popular future is formed by combining s fi the... ; have & # x27 ; ) and 4 difference is that will change to e and vice-versa spoken. These moods are used infrequently anyway newsletter free correct conjugation pattern the tense. Free Verbix verb conjugation services are also included lonely and sad past tense. Describe actions onto the lists of the future tense that are used infrequently anyway it is celebrated everywhere. And studying for the simple perfect are as follows: -a, -ea, -e, -i, - its. Rule is that romanian verb conjugation and pluperfect are formed with word inflection, instead of using auxiliary verbs I!, contains about seventy types, not at all of I do ) Dictionnaire. Tense ) are only an approximative indication of the Romanian language never makes it onto the lists the. Various kinds of irregularity, such as & quot ; will & quot ; should & quot and. Plenty of resources out there for clarification, and Spanish, - you can also click to! They might appear to be exists for the simple perfect are as follows conjugations way!
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